Nutritional evolution of dogs and cats: Carnivorous perspectives in feeding. 

The coevolution of humans, dogs, and cats is a historical narrative spanning thousands of years, a bond that has transformed these companion animals into an integral part of our lives. Throughout the ages, the nutrition of these animals has been a driving force in adaptation, leading them down divergent paths towards the carnivorous diet spectrum. In this article, we will thoroughly explore the evolutionary history of these faithful friends and unravel the underlying reason why a carnivorous nutritional perspective remains vital for their health and well-being. 

Evolutionary History of Dogs: 

The close relationship between dogs and humans began between 15,000 and 40,000 years ago when wild wolves began associating with human communities. As these wolves adapted their behavior and diet to collaborate with humans, their physiology also underwent gradual transformations. Despite being strict carnivores in their ancestral form, coexistence with humans provided them with opportunities to explore new food sources, including human dietary waste. This transition marked the beginning of their journey towards the status of facultative carnivores, capable of consuming and deriving nutrition from both animal and plant-based sources. 

Non-Strict Carnivorous Nutrition for Dogs: 

Although dogs have expanded their dietary preferences throughout evolution, their anatomy and nutritional needs remain firmly rooted in their carnivorous heritage. Animal-based proteins are fundamental components of a dog’s diet, providing essential amino acids for tissue and organ function, growth and development, tissue repair, immune function, and overall health maintenance. Furthermore, specific nutrients like taurine and carnitine, abundant in animal protein sources, are crucial for their well-being. 

Evolutionary History of Cats: 

The ancestors of modern cats, such as Felis silvestris lybica, embarked on their evolutionary path thousands of years ago. These wild felines evolved as agile and efficient hunters, adapting to an exclusively carnivorous diet consisting primarily of meat and fat from hunting. A notable feature in the nutritional evolution of cats is their lack of affinity for consuming water. Their ancestors obtained most of their hydration from the prey they hunted, influencing the development of highly concentrated kidneys in the feline species. 

Carnivorous Nutrition for Cats: 

Throughout their evolution as relentless hunters, cats have acquired physiological characteristics that make them dependent on the intake of animal proteins and fats to survive and thrive. Since they cannot synthesize certain essential nutrients like taurine and vitamin A in adequate amounts from plant sources, cats require a diet rich in animal proteins to prevent nutritional deficiencies and maintain optimal health. Additionally, a wet diet plays a fundamental role in cat nutrition. These foods provide greater hydration, which is essential for felines prone to dehydration due to their evolutionary history. 

The evolution of dogs and cats as human companions has left a deep mark on their nutritional requirements. Dogs, as facultative carnivores, retain the ability to adapt to various diets, but their well-being still depends on a strong foundation of animal proteins. In contrast, the evolution of cats as obligate carnivores has equipped them with more specific nutritional needs, which can only be adequately met through a primarily carnivorous diet rich in animal proteins, supplemented with smaller amounts of slow-digesting carbohydrates, other vegetables, and fruits. Understanding these nutritional perspectives is crucial for providing proper nutrition and ensuring the vitality and longevity of our beloved furry companions.